Publications

In his first piece for the European Audiovisual Observatory Newsletter, where he was invited to be a regular contributor, Nikola Stoychev, assisted by Christian Ivanov, summarizes the decision of the Bulgarian competition authority stating that the the introduction of quotas for Bulgarian music through amendment of the Radio and Television Act would restrict competition on the media market.

*This publication is also available in German and French.

The alarming and dynamic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases over the past few weeks has seriously raised the question of what measures could be taken in order to curb the spread of the infectious disease in the workplace. May employees be tested for COVID-19? May this be introduced by the employer as a mandatory requirement? May the staff be notified in case of a sick employee? May employers trace contact persons among staff? Do such measures contravene data protection regulations or other requirements? This analysis tries to give some useful guidelines in connection with the above questions.

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

Abstract: This analysis aims to clarify the nature of the principles of personal data processing (the Principles). To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: (1) the emergence and evolution of the Principles in historical context are analyzed; (2) their content and practical significance are clarified; (3) a distinction is made between the Principles and the concept of a legal principle; (4) a comparative analysis is carried out with the laws of other countries, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act. As a result of the research, the thesis is substantiated that the Principles have the nature of legal norms of general significance and have established themselves as a kind of standard for personal data protection.

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated digitalisation in all spheres of public life. Many companies have had to move to remote work with almost no preparation, limit their physical meetings with current and potential contractors, and switch fully or partly to electronic document turnover. Some questions were urgently raised of how one can sign remotely, so that the various business processes in the organizations would not be blocked and at the same time a certain level of legal certainty would be achieved, which would guarantee the rights and interests of those signing remotely. Although the legal framework of the electronic document and the electronic signature is not new, but has been operating in Bulgaria and the EU for years, it turned out to be insufficiently familiar and clear for most of the companies. This is the main reason for this analysis, which aims to explore the different possibilities for electronic signing of documents in the ordinary course of business of private entities.

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

Europe is facing the rise of the second Covid wave with a new series of restrictions and lockdowns. Rositsa Vasileva and her colleagues from the Meritas European Employment Group provide a useful overview of these restrictions, along with the relevant support measures, covering 14 countries.

Almost 2.5 years since GDPR became effective, many things have changed. Most importantly, the privacy-awareness has drastically increased among both companies and citizens. Find out what happened during this period in Bulgaria (key legislative changes and most noteworthy cases) in the latest report by our experts Martin Zahariev and Radoslava Makshutova.

*This publication is in Bulgarian

The Book “Enhancing the Right to be Present” elaborated within the PRESENT project addresses the direct need of training and receiving insight on the changes that are going to be incorporated in the legislation of EU Member States in order to transpose Directive (EU) 2016/343. The PRESENT partnership unites 6 partners from 6 countries (Bulgaria, Austria, Romania, Slovakia, Cyprus and Portugal) with diverse focus and a wealth of expertise. The publications featured in the book address various topics concerning the right to be present at trial and the presumption of innocence in different Member States. Prof. George Dimitrov and Radoslava Makshutova were part of the Bulgarian team who contributed to the monograph with the article "The Right to be Present at Trial in Criminal Proceedings under Bulgarian Legislation."

This Country Overview of Aid Programs in Selected European Countries was prepared by IBA's Closely Held and Growing Business Enterprises Committee with the support of IBA European Regional Forum (ERF) and aims to allow lawyers around the globe to better serve their international clients – and to allow international companies to understand the specificities of national and regional programmes available in the jurisdictions in which they do business.

Zoya Todorova, Partner, and Rositsa Vasileva, Associate at Dimitrov, Petrov & Co. (DPC), have contributed to an extensive survey conducted by the International Bar Association Antitrust Committee. The survey, covering 44 jurisdictions worldwide, aimed to examine the ways in which the overnight change of the global reality affected the antitrust world, by gathering in a single document a compilation of competition agency reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic.

In the emergency situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, employers face many challenges - from seeking to maintain employment and minimize losses to compliance with established anti-epidemic measures and protection of the lives and health of their employees. Martin Zahariev, PhD, examines several processing operations related to counteracting the spread of COVID-19 at the workplace and their admissibility from GDPR and Bulgarian law perspective.

*This publication is in Bulgarian

The 6th release of this useful book for IP professionals published in December 2019, features updated chapter for Bulgaria contributed by DPC's leading expert Bilyana Angelova. It contains helpful guidance on patents and utility models, copyright and trademarks, industrial designs, geographical indications, domain names and trade secrets and describes the nuances of the Bulgarian legislation.

The publication is realized in collaboration with the Center for International Legal Studies.

Abstract:

The problem of the validity of the waiver of a future right through a contractual clause has great practical importance. Bulgarian case law and legal theory are consistent in the view that the waiver of future right is void. This stance is problematic in the context of rapidly developing and complicated economic relations. If we rephrase the US Supreme Court Justice Mr Holmes: Тhis is a wrong interpretation that “no lapse of time or respectable array of opinion should make us hesitate to correct”. The law should be applied in a way that is appropriate for its time.
Bulgarian applicable substantive law does not contain a general rule stipulating that a waiver of future rights is invalid. The general legal provision which sets out the rules on invalidity of contracts does not in principle forbid the waiver of future rights (it doesn’t even mention it). However, Bulgarian law explicitly proclaims the freedom of contract as an important general principle.
It is true that there are several specific rules where, under specific circumstances, a waiver of a future right is considered invalid. Such provisions are found in various substantive and procedural regulations, such as the Civil Procedure Code, Obligations and Contracts Act, Labour Code, Consumer Protection Act, Ownership Act and others.
However, if the waiver of a future right was invalid as a general rule, why would we find so many explicit rules rendering the waiver invalid in specific cases? Indeed, there are also a number of situations where the law does treat the waiver of future rights as valid. It’s apparent that where the law explicitly states that a waiver of a future right is invalid, it’s just an example of an exception to the general rule – that a waiver of future rights is admissible.
The general invalidity of the waiver of a future right concept can easily be tested by applying a specific legal institute. If we take the set-off, in some cases the debtor may be interested in maintaining its receivable due to the fact that set-off may be less favourable to it (for example, if its receivable bears interest). Under the Bulgarian law, the set-off takes effect from the moment the set-off was possible. Thus, when a set-off statement is issued, the interest would be discharged. Therefore, the party whose receivable bears interest will benefit from introducing a contractual clause which disallows the right to set-off.
Many waiver of a future right clauses can be found in public-private partnership contracts (e.g. Article 31.1 of the Sofia Airport Concession Agreement). Such clauses are essential for the viability of the modern forms of public-private partnership.
In fact, the waiver of future rights is often at the heart of the contractual relationship between the parties and frequently is a part of the contractual consideration - the obligations that a party undertakes under a particular contract in order to induce the other party to the contract to undertake correlated obligations. This makes it clear that the thesis of the invalidity of the waiver of future rights does not take into account the economic needs and business purposes that underpin the contractual relations in the civil and commercial turnover.

*This article is in Bulgarian.

*This publication is in Bulgarian

Author: Emil Petrov

Comments: Martin Zahariev

*This publication is in Bulgarian

Author: Maria Dinkova

Comments: Desislava Krusteva

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

DPC is pleased to be the contributor for Bulgaria in this Second Edition of “A Global Roadmap to Personal Data Protection” put together by Meritas' law firms worldwide. Desislava Krusteva, Partner and Head of IT & Data Protection practice at DPC, highlights recent privacy developments in the country on page 74-75.

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

*The interview is in Bulgarian

Zoya Todorova comments the decision of the Bulgarian Commission for Protection of Competition to carry out an in-depth study of the proposed acquisition of CEZ' business in Bulgaria by Eurohold in the context of the EU guidance and practice regarding non-horizontal mergers

* The interview is in Bulgarian

BG/EN

Author: Caroline Simson

Comments: Martin Zahariev

Author: Emil Petrov

Comments: Martin Zahariev

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

*This publication is in Bulgarian

*This publication is in Bulgarian

*This publication is in Bulgarian

*This publication is in Bulgarian

Author: Emil Petrov

Comments: Martin Zahariev

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

Author: Maria Dimcheva

Comments: Desislava Krusteva

*This publication is in Bulgarian

*This publication is in Bulgarian.

*This publication is in Bulgarian

* The publication is part of the collection "Za Bukvite", "European citizens and intellectual property: perception, awareness and behaviour  "

Author: Emil Petrov

Commented by: Hristo Nihrizov

*This article is in Bulgarian

Author: Emil Petrov

Comments: Martin Zahariev

* This article is in Bulgarian

* This publication is in Bulgarian.

* This publication is in Bulgarian.

This publication has been realized in collaboration with the Center for International Legal Studies – a non-profit law research, training, and teaching institute the essential purpose of which is to promote and disseminate knowledge among members of the international legal community, with many initiatives addressed to the young lawyers.

* This publication is in Bulgarian.